There has been relatively high incidence of congenital cleft lip and cleft palate among congenital anomalies.
The etiological factors of cleft lip and cleft palate have been studied by many workers with embryological, environmental, and genetical approach, but they are still imperfectly understood.
So the authors reviewed 12,872 live births, and 220 patients with cleft lip and cleft palate who were admitted and treated at Han Yang university Hospital during past 9 years period from January 1973 to December 1981 in order to evaluate the frequency and etiological factors of cleft palate.
The following results were obtained;
1. 15 babies of cleft lip and cleft palate were born among 12,872 deliveries, so the incidence of all clefts was 1.16 per 1,000 live births.
2. The rate of cleft lip and cleft palate among congenital anomalies was 22%.
3. The rate of cleft lip, cleft lip with cleft palate, and cleft palate alone were 1.1 : 1.5 : 1.
4. Males were affected 1.3 times more than female in cleft lip and 5.8 times in cleft lip with cleft palate, but male and female ratio was almost same in cleft palate.
5. Unilateral cleft lip occurs more frequently than bilateral cleft lip, and unilateral cleft lip occurs more frequently on the left side 3 times than right side.
6. cleft lip and cleft palate were frequently occur in the middle and low social class, but no difference in the urban and rural area.
7. There were no significant relationship between season and blood type with cleft lip and cleft palate.
8. There were most case of clefts in the first-born group, but the ratio of incidence of total number of live births could not be obtained.
9. Mothers in the group aged 26 to 30 years had the greatest incidence of children with clefts, but incidence in relation to the total numbers of livebirths in each age group could not be obtained.
10. Herb medication was the most frequently in the prenatal history during the first trimester.
11. 9 cases (4%) showed positive family histories.
12. 11 cases (5%) had associated congenital anomalies.
13. 3 cases (7.5%) showed normal chromosomal structure in the chromosomal study.
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